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 Personal perception-based comparison to a physical standard 
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 Instrument-based comparison to a physical standard 
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 Instrument-based comparison to colorimetric standard 
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 Instrument-based comparison to spectral standard 
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 Instrument-based comparison to advanced spectral standard (CxF/X-4) 
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 PROS: 
CONS: 
- expensive and time-consuming personal supervision
 
- dependent on the person
 
- lighting conditions related
 
- uncontrolled metamerism
 
- no repeatability
 
- initial swatch-book inaccuracy
 
- instability of color samples (aging, dirt)
 
- different substrate / OBAs
 
- unpredictable issues of opacity, overprints and tints 
 
- undefined matter of issues
 
 
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 PROS: 
- numerically expressed color differences
 
 
CONS: 
- expensive and time-consuming personal supervision
 
- uncontrolled metamerism
 
- initial swatch-book inaccuracy
 
- instability of color samples (aging, dirt)
 
- different substrate / OBAs
 
- unpredictable issues of opacity, overprints and tints 
 
- instrument precision and stability, inter-instrument agreement issues
 
 
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 PROS: 
- numerically expressed color differences
 
- stable color definition
 
- exchangeable color definition
 
- the possibility of remote control
 
 
CONS: 
- limited color definition
 
- only one lighting condition specified
 
- uncontrolled metamerism
 
- unpredictable issues of opacity, overprints and tints 
 
- instrument precision and stability, inter-instrument agreement issues
 
 
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 PROS: 
- numerically expressed color differences
 
- stable color definition
 
- exchangeable color definition
 
- lighting condition independent
 
- controlled metamerism
 
- the possibility of remote control 
 
- trackable instrument precision and stability
 
- optional inter-instrument agreement harmonization
 
 
CONS: 
- unpredictable issues of opacity, overprints and tints 
 
 
 | 
 
 PROS: 
- numerically expressed color differences
 
- stable color definition
 
- exchangeable color definition
 
- lighting condition independent
 
- controlled metamerism
 
- the possibility of remote control 
 
- trackable instrument precision and stability
 
- optional inter-instrument agreement harmonization
 
- predictable opacity, overprints and tints
 
 
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